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However, if it was exposed to significant heat, its safer to discard it to ensure data integrity

MSG increased the oxidative stress that leads to kidney tissue and function damage via several mechanisms including: (1) reduced activities of some antioxidant enzymes as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) and increased MDA level in the kidney, (2) increased activity of -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, a potential ROS generator, (3) enhanced free radical generation through increased intracellular calcium level, and (4) decreased GSH levels that may increase ROS-induced renal cell damage [12, 14, 60]

the researchers stressed that more studies are needed, and other research has been mixed

L.BergoniaH.et al (2023)