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Over time, former smokers may achieve a risk level similar to that of non-smokers

Among the EU4 and the UK, Germany had the highest prevalent cases of tobacco use (approximately 18,101 thousand cases ), followed by France (approximately 16,429 thousand cases ) in 2023

After applying methods used by Stephens 2 to compare cancer potencies of e-cigarette aerosol, we found that depending on experimental settings, cancer potency factor can increase two to two and half times for users switching from 18 to 6 mg/mL nicotine e-liquids

Socially, it may reduce addiction and health inequality, particularly because smoking often affects disadvantaged communities more severely