One major challenge is the high concentration of nutritional components present in culture media, such as amino acids, glucose, nucleosides, and vitamins that can hinder the detection of metabolic changes linked to the hepatotoxic events that can be up to several orders of magnitude lower
It also improves baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac autonomic regulation, which are frequently impaired in patients with hypertension (Amorim et al., 2019
Its antioxidant properties further protective effects on skin cells from oxidative stress by neutralizing free radical damage, which is one of the primary contributors to premature aging and skin damage (5)
While a 2014 pooled analysis of seven RCTs concluded neither benefits nor harms of the supplementation in patients with heart failure [126], the 1993 and 2020 RCTs supported the supplementations benefit on improved endothelial function, reduced hospitalization, and reduced serious complications in patients with heart failure [127,128]