This binding transcriptionally upregulates the expression of a series of key genes, including GCLC, GCLM (the light chain of GCLC), and xCT (system xc, responsible for cysteine uptake), thereby increasing GSH synthesis and cysteine uptake, thereby strengthening the cell's antioxidant defenses
While aluminum oxide/silicon carbide (Al 2 O 3 /SiC) and silicon nitride/silicon carbide (Si 3 N 4 /SiC) ceramic nanocomposites have received the greatest attention, other phases like titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbide (TiC), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), chromium carbide (Cr 3 C 2 ), and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) can also be used as nanoreinforcements
Glutathione is a tripeptide (containing 3 amino acids: cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) naturally made in human cells that functions as a powerful antioxidant
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