The induction of the antimicrobial peptide gene expression is mostly initiated by binding of transcription factors like NF- B, AP-1, and STAT3 [26] due to activation of Toll-like receptors by microbial antigens or initiated by cytokines [27]
Supplementary information Additional methods and analysis details
Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Pleiotropic Effect Controlling and Modulating Angiogenesis and the NO-System, Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Skrtic A, Staresinic M, Strbe S, Vuksic A, Sikiric S, Bekic D, Soldo D, Grizelj B, Novosel L, Beketic Oreskovic L, Oreskovic I, Stupnisek M, Boban Blagaic A, Dobric I, Pharmaceuticals (Basel), Pharmaceuticals, 2025 Jun 19;18(6):928
As with virtually all research peptides, use during these periods is not recommended