It has been suggested that excessive ROS production may lead to an upregulation of oncogene gene and the formation of mutagen compounds, which trigger proatherogenic activity and inflammation
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 57.Di Filippo M., Chisserini D., Tozzi A., Picconi B., Calabresi P
However, studies have found that antioxidants can also promote the metastasis of lung cancer [465], which also implies that oxidative stress and oxidative damage cannot be equated directly
Accordingly, neurodegenerative changes are present in other areas of the nervous system, such as the olfactory bulb and cervical spine [13, 14], and amyloid- and tau aggregates may be detected in virtually all tissues outside the nervous system, including the skeletal muscles, heart, adrenal glands, kidneys, liver, pancreas, stomach, bowel, spleen, lymph nodes, thyroid, aorta, lung, testes, and ovaries [21]