Indeed, albeit e-cigarettes are claimed as safer than traditional smoking, their aerosol contain metals, toxic and carcinogenic molecules and a growing body of evidence in man has been showing how their use negatively impact both cardiovascular and respiratory systems, causing elevated blood pressure, arterial stiffness, vascular endothelial dysfunction, enhanced angiogenesis, cardiorenal fibrosis, accelerated atherosclerotic plaque development, elevate levels of type 2 inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, increased cellular oxidative stress, increased airway reactivity, airflow obstruction, airway inflammation, and emphysema
The high intensity programme consisted of a combination of pharmacological treatment plus hospitalisation for 2 weeks, where patients received intensive CBT
They also harm wildlife: in one survey, partially digested cigarette butts were found in 70 percent of sea birds and 30 percent of sea turtles
Li MD, Beuten J, Ma JZ, Payne TJ, Lou XY, Garcia V et al
