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Abbreviations aHR: Adjusted hazard ratio ALT: Alanine aminotransferase ALD: Alcohol-related liver disease CV: Cardiovascular disease CYP1A2: Cytochrome P450 1A2 HBV: Hepatitis B virus HCV: Hepatitis C virus HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma HR: Hazard ratio HSCs: Hepatic stellate cells IL: Interleukin LT: Liver transplantation MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease MAPKs: Mitogen-activated protein kinases MetS: Metabolic syndrome NDMA: N-nitrosodimethylamine NF-B: Nuclear factor-kappa B NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NRT: Nicotine replacement therapy OR: Odds ratio PAHs: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis PG: Propylene glycol ROS: Reactive oxygen species RR: Relative risk TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase TGF-1: Transforming growth factor beta 1 TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor alpha VG: Vegetable glycerin 7-nAChR: 7-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 2-AR: 2-Adrenergic receptor References Dai X, Gakidou E, Lopez AD
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Cost-Effective With the ability to allow multiple withdrawals from the same bottle, Hospira Bacteriostatic Water reduces the requirement for additional resources, which makes it a more cost-effective option
