There are key components to the metabolic syndrome which include in addition to insulin resistance (the hallmark feature of the syndrome), hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, impaired fibrinolysis, a procoagulant state, and most telling, central obesity
This condition creates an opportunity to form mtDNA-protein crosslinks mediated by ROS, which increases mitochondrial fission and exacerbates mtDNA damage (Caston and Demple, 2017
Yes, but not at the same time, unless your skin is highly tolerant
Notably, IL-6 not only modulates hepcidin to affect the release of stored iron from ATMs and intestinal absorption, but also reduces transferrin expression and aggravates iron accumulation by promoting hepcidin production