Although direct evidence of trained immunity in clinical AD is still limited, transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic alterations observed in immune cells, including microglia, monocytes, and dendritic cells, from both patients and animal models are consistent with mechanisms underlying innate immune memory
Vitamin B12 does not thin the blood
Coffee seems unlikely to kill them, since it was even beneficial to a tiny roundworm commonly used in the lab
is subject to confounding by calendar-time (SOC evolved rapidly early in the pandemic, the linear covariate does not reflect non-linear SOC changes and hospital specific effects), hospital type (non-treatment hospitals were tertiary university centers), confounding by indication (4/7 hospitals initiated treatment on deterioration), immortal-time bias for as-treated (exposure assigned after baseline), significant differences for other experimental treatments, potential overadjustment from collider bias (steroid use and indication bias), limited baseline severity information, differences in hospice referral propensity across hospitals, unadjusted difference in time from onset to admission, difference in PCR positivity, and other factors