GHK-Cu enters cells bound to copper, scans DNA, and resets over 4,000 genesturning on collagen/elastin factories (types I, III, V), growth factors (VEGF for blood vessels, TGF-beta for remodeling), and antioxidants while shutting down inflammation (NF-B, TNF-alpha) and junk protein buildup (proteasome boost)
Additionally, oxidative stress can activate microglia and astrocytes, contributing to neuroinflammation and further neuronal damage [136, 149]
After washing, 100 L of distilled water was added to each well, and the cells were completely lysed by repeatedly freezing and thawing with liquid nitrogen for three cycles (196C to 37C)
Current therapy of sarcoidosis is primarily via immune suppression, which is generally ineffective for SFN (2)