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2002 Aug 1;156(3):268-73 5 Urinary biomarkers to assess exposure of cats to environmental tobacco smoke

While other products exist to help people smoke less such as nicotine patches and gums the VLN cigarettes provide an alternative for people who are attached to the ritual of smoking a cigarette, Pritchard said

Additionally, the female patient underwent a urine hCG test to rule out pregnancy, mirroring the approach seen in a study by Liu-Zarzuela and Sun

Smokers of either sex were likely to die at a median of 35 years earlier and among men this survival gap between smokers and never smokers is likely to increase significantly in future decades